A) rain.
B) insufficient amounts of dry salt.
C) precarious transportation systems.
D) the difficulty of preserving meat.
E) seed corn unfit for human consumption.
A) "course” (l. 1) — at length.
B) "general” (l. 2) — not special or particular.
C) “scholars” (l. 6) — people with much knowledge.
D) “case” (l. 12) — large box in which goods are packed.
A) Disasters in the fourteenth century killed more people in Germany than at any other time in that country’s history.
B) What happened in Poland and the Soviet Union in the early 1940s is similar to what happened in those regions in the 1340s and the 1630s.
C) Unlike the destruction that took place in Central and Eastern Europe in the Second World War, the destruction that occurred in the first half of the fourteenth century was limited to German territory.
D) The disastrous period that began in the German territories after 1280 lasted longer than either the Thirty Years War or the Second World War.
E) It is likely that more Germans died in the disasters of the late Middle Ages than died in the Thirty Years War and the Second World War put together.
“What changed the course of human events most profoundly?”(l. 1-2)
According to the text, the suitable answer for this question is
A) Great historical events that transformed the political processof societies
B) Scientific and technological inventions that have broughtgreat benefits to mankind.
C) Space travels that contributed greatly to astronomy and other sciences.
D) Discoveries of important natural products for medical use.
A) lack of effective protection measures.
B) poverty problems in Asian countries
C) uncontrolled growth of the tiger population.
D) illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals.
E) on-sustainable methods of population growth.
A) Before 1280, sculptured memorials were very common; after that date, painted memorials began to predominate.
B) Wealthy families placed such memorials in churches to commemorate important events such as births, weddings and funerals.
C) Almost no memorials remain from the period before 1280.
D) When times where bad, the subject matter of such memorials tended to be religious rather than non-religious.
E) When such memorials from a given historical period are absent, that period was probably marked by serious problems.
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
According to the text, scholars got together in Edge in order todecide the inventions of great influence
( ) of the last two centuries.
( ) for nearly two hundred years.
( ) during the last two thousand years.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
A) F F T
B) F T F
C) T T F
D) T F T
A) water misuse.
B) religious faith.
C) disease sueveillance.
D) healthcare assistance.
E) personal protective measures.
A) T F T F
B) F T F T
C) T T F F
D) F F T T
E) T F T T
A) the history of Germany in the Middle Ages is one of war, famine, and plague.
B) during most of the 1200s, life in the several German regions was precarious at best.
C) the year 1280 is generally considered the year when the central Middle Ages ended in Germany.
D) it is undeniable that in Germany in the Middle Ages, date of birth determined important aspects of a person’s future.
E) no one has been able to explain why death and destruction were so widespread in Germany during the central Middle Ages.
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