Questões de Inglês para Vestibular

cód. #10948

COPS-UEL - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - 2º Fase

              


PROJECT DETAILS


* PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST: Peter Kohler, founder and director of The Plastic Tide

* SCIENTIST AFFILIATION: The Scientific Exploration Society and the Royal Geographical Society

* DATES: Ongoing

* PROJECT TYPE: Data Processing

* COST: Free

* GRADE LEVEL: All Ages

* TIME COMMITMENT: variable

* HOW TO JOIN:


REGISTER AT THE ZOONIVERSE WEB SITE. THEN USE YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE TO ANALYZE IMAGES IN THE PLASTIC TIDE’S DATABASE FOR PLASTICS AND LITTER. TAG EACH PIECE OF PLASTIC YOU SPOT BY DRAWING A RECTANGLE AROUND IT ON YOUR SCREEN AND IDENTIFY IT AS FRAGMENTS, FISHING LINE, DRINK BOTTLES OR SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC WASTE.

Estimates are currently at trillions of pieces and counting, with over 60 percent of the oceans being heavily contaminated with plastics. With each piece of plastic taking over 400 years to degrade, our oceans, all marine life, and even our own health and livelihoods are in real danger of drowning. Despite this and the 8 million tons of plastics entering our ocean each year, researchers can account for only one percent of that ends up: our ocean surface. Where is the missing 99 percent?

The answer can be found on the seafloor, in marine life, and on our coastlines. The Zooniverse Plastic Tide citizen science project harnesses drone imagery from a series of beaches and the power of computer programs, or machine learning algorithms for the more technically minded, to eventually create a program that can autodetect, measure and monitor the levels of plastics and marine litter washing up on our beaches. Eventually helping us to track where plastics and litter go in our oceans, revealing where the missing 99 percent is in our ocean goes.

By tagging plastics and litter in the images we take with our drone, citizen scientists directly teach our computer program to autodetect, measure and monitor plastics to help researchers answer how much of the missing 99 percent ends up on our beaches. The more you tag, the better the computer program gets at identifying plastics!

GREENEMEIER, L. The Plastic Tide. In: Scientific American (online) Citizen Science. 28 abr. 2018. Disponível em www.scientificamerican.com

Com relação à pesquisa, atribua V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) às afirmativas a seguir.


( ) O objetivo geral da pesquisa é descobrir o paradeiro dos rejeitos plásticos despejados nos oceanos.

( ) Com o auxílio do banco de dados gerado pela pesquisa, cientistas já conseguem identificar o paradeiro de 1% dos rejeitos plásticos.

( ) Os resíduos plásticos que representam uma ameaça urgente são as linhas de pesca e as garrafas plásticas.

( ) O trabalho dos voluntários com as fotografias auxilia o computador a identificar diferentes tipos de resíduos plásticos.

( ) Segundo estimativas, os resíduoas plásticos contaminam mais da metade dos oceanos.


Assinale a alternativa que contém, de cima para baixo, a sequência correta.

A) V, V, V, F, F.

B) V, V, F, F, V.

C) V, F, F, V, V.

D) F, V, F, V, F.

E) F, F, V, F, V.

A B C D E

cód. #7621

PUC - RJ - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Inglês - 1º Dia - Manhã - Grupo 2

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

According to paragraphs 9 and 10 (lines 63-84),

A) readers love villains in 19th century novels.

B) heroines in fiction never fall in love with unfaithful men.

C) we tend to be compassionate for evil beings in fictional works.

D) antagonists are commonly performed with a foreign accent in American movies.

E) older men are generally considered more physically attractive by romantic heroines.

A B C D E

cód. #10949

COPS-UEL - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - 2º Fase

              


PROJECT DETAILS


* PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST: Peter Kohler, founder and director of The Plastic Tide

* SCIENTIST AFFILIATION: The Scientific Exploration Society and the Royal Geographical Society

* DATES: Ongoing

* PROJECT TYPE: Data Processing

* COST: Free

* GRADE LEVEL: All Ages

* TIME COMMITMENT: variable

* HOW TO JOIN:


REGISTER AT THE ZOONIVERSE WEB SITE. THEN USE YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE TO ANALYZE IMAGES IN THE PLASTIC TIDE’S DATABASE FOR PLASTICS AND LITTER. TAG EACH PIECE OF PLASTIC YOU SPOT BY DRAWING A RECTANGLE AROUND IT ON YOUR SCREEN AND IDENTIFY IT AS FRAGMENTS, FISHING LINE, DRINK BOTTLES OR SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC WASTE.

Estimates are currently at trillions of pieces and counting, with over 60 percent of the oceans being heavily contaminated with plastics. With each piece of plastic taking over 400 years to degrade, our oceans, all marine life, and even our own health and livelihoods are in real danger of drowning. Despite this and the 8 million tons of plastics entering our ocean each year, researchers can account for only one percent of that ends up: our ocean surface. Where is the missing 99 percent?

The answer can be found on the seafloor, in marine life, and on our coastlines. The Zooniverse Plastic Tide citizen science project harnesses drone imagery from a series of beaches and the power of computer programs, or machine learning algorithms for the more technically minded, to eventually create a program that can autodetect, measure and monitor the levels of plastics and marine litter washing up on our beaches. Eventually helping us to track where plastics and litter go in our oceans, revealing where the missing 99 percent is in our ocean goes.

By tagging plastics and litter in the images we take with our drone, citizen scientists directly teach our computer program to autodetect, measure and monitor plastics to help researchers answer how much of the missing 99 percent ends up on our beaches. The more you tag, the better the computer program gets at identifying plastics!

GREENEMEIER, L. The Plastic Tide. In: Scientific American (online) Citizen Science. 28 abr. 2018. Disponível em www.scientificamerican.com

De acordo com o texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.


I. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa está em progresso e a participação é isenta de restrições.

II. As fotografias tiradas pelos drones alimentam o banco de dados da pesquisa.

III. Os participantes do projeto auxiliam na catalogação dos resíduos plásticos fotografados, presentes no banco de dados.

IV. Por meio de um aplicativo nos telefones celulares, os participantes enviam fotos de rejeitos plásticos encontrados nas praias.


Assinale a alternativa correta.

A) Somente as afirmativas I e II são corretas.

B) Somente as afirmativas I e IV são corretas.

C) Somente as afirmativas III e IV são corretas.

D) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são corretas.

E) Somente as afirmativas II, III e IV são corretas.

A B C D E

cód. #7622

PUC - RJ - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Inglês - 1º Dia - Manhã - Grupo 2

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

The author mentions the anthropologist Daniel Smith in the sixth paragraph (lines 39-50) of the text because he

A) is known for being a great storyteller.

B) contradicts, through his studies, what the evolutionary theory suggests.

C) is against the idea that storytelling is a human necessity.

D) belongs to a community in the Philippines culturally identified with the habit of storytelling.

E) developed one of the researches that identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives.

A B C D E

cód. #7878

FAG - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina

Text 2
Bilingual Education for the 21st Century

Bilingual education in the 21st century must face the complexity brought about by the freer movement of people, services, and goods that characterizes our more globalized and technological world. In the second half of the 20th century, bilingual education grew around the world as a way to educate children who didn't speak the state's language or, in some cases, to recapture the heritage language of a group. This in itself was an innovation over the use of bilingual education only to educate the children of the elite.
In the 21st century, however, the complex and dynamic links created by technology and globalized markets, coupled with the importance of English and other “big” languages, challenge our old conceptions of bilingual education. UNESCO in 1953 declared that it was axiomatic that the child's native language be used to teach children to read, but basic literacy, even in one's own language, is insufficient to be a world citizen in the 21st century.
It has been predicted that by 2050, English will be accompanied by Chinese, Arabic, Spanish and Urdu, as the world's big languages, ordered not only with English at the top as it has been up to now, but with an increasing role for the other four “big” languages. Countries throughout the world are providing options to their children to be schooled in two or more languages. The European Union, for example, has recently adopted a policy of “Mother Tongue + 2” encouraging schools throughout the EU to develop children's trilingual proficiency. For those purposes, a model of teaching is being promoted that encourages the use of the languages other than the child's mother tongue in subject instruction. Ofelia Garcia is Professor of Bilingual Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.
Disponível em:< http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2004/december/html/Spot-BilingualEducationForThe 21stCentury.htm>. 
Em relação ao papel da língua inglesa no futuro, o texto 2 prevê que até a metade do século 21 ela:

A) dividirá espaço com outras quatro línguas de crescente representação.

B) terá mais prestígio em comunidades bilíngues que multilíngues.

C) será usada por um maior número de falantes nativos que não-nativos.

D) ocupará o quarto lugar no ranque das línguas mais faladas no mundo.

E) Nenhuma alternativa está correta.

A B C D E

cód. #10950

COPS-UEL - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - 2º Fase

              


PROJECT DETAILS


* PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST: Peter Kohler, founder and director of The Plastic Tide

* SCIENTIST AFFILIATION: The Scientific Exploration Society and the Royal Geographical Society

* DATES: Ongoing

* PROJECT TYPE: Data Processing

* COST: Free

* GRADE LEVEL: All Ages

* TIME COMMITMENT: variable

* HOW TO JOIN:


REGISTER AT THE ZOONIVERSE WEB SITE. THEN USE YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE TO ANALYZE IMAGES IN THE PLASTIC TIDE’S DATABASE FOR PLASTICS AND LITTER. TAG EACH PIECE OF PLASTIC YOU SPOT BY DRAWING A RECTANGLE AROUND IT ON YOUR SCREEN AND IDENTIFY IT AS FRAGMENTS, FISHING LINE, DRINK BOTTLES OR SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC WASTE.

Estimates are currently at trillions of pieces and counting, with over 60 percent of the oceans being heavily contaminated with plastics. With each piece of plastic taking over 400 years to degrade, our oceans, all marine life, and even our own health and livelihoods are in real danger of drowning. Despite this and the 8 million tons of plastics entering our ocean each year, researchers can account for only one percent of that ends up: our ocean surface. Where is the missing 99 percent?

The answer can be found on the seafloor, in marine life, and on our coastlines. The Zooniverse Plastic Tide citizen science project harnesses drone imagery from a series of beaches and the power of computer programs, or machine learning algorithms for the more technically minded, to eventually create a program that can autodetect, measure and monitor the levels of plastics and marine litter washing up on our beaches. Eventually helping us to track where plastics and litter go in our oceans, revealing where the missing 99 percent is in our ocean goes.

By tagging plastics and litter in the images we take with our drone, citizen scientists directly teach our computer program to autodetect, measure and monitor plastics to help researchers answer how much of the missing 99 percent ends up on our beaches. The more you tag, the better the computer program gets at identifying plastics!

GREENEMEIER, L. The Plastic Tide. In: Scientific American (online) Citizen Science. 28 abr. 2018. Disponível em www.scientificamerican.com

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta, corretamente, o objetivo principal do texto.

A) Conscientizar a população sobre o perigo da contaminação por plásticos nos oceanos.

B) Divulgar ações implementadas pela Zooniverse Plastic Tide para a redução de dejetos plásticos.

C) Demonstrar a aplicabilidade do uso de drones no monitoramento da saúde dos litorais.

D) Incitar a comunidade científica a intensificar estudos sobre o impacto dos rejeitos plásticos na fauna marinha.

E) Convidar cidadãos a participar de uma pesquisa que busca levantar dados sobre o lixo plástico nas praias.

A B C D E

cód. #7623

PUC - RJ - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Inglês - 1º Dia - Manhã - Grupo 2

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

According to the third paragraph of the text (lines 16-22), it is INCORRECT to state that storytelling

A) sharpens our minds.

B) enhances selfishness.

C) makes us socially more clever

D) helps us think of different strategies.

E) may be regarded as a kind of mental game.

A B C D E

cód. #7879

FAG - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina

Text 1


Brazilian courts tussle over unproven cancer treatment


Patients demand access to compound despite lack of clinical testing. A court in the Brazilian state of São Paulo has cut off distribution of a compound that is hailed by some as a miracle cancer cure — even though it has never been formally tested in humans. On 11 November, to the relief of many cancer researchers, a state court overturned earlier court orders that had obliged the nation’s largest university to provide the compound to hundreds of people with terminal cancer.
The compound, phosphoethanolamine, has been shown to kill tumor cells only in lab dishes and in mice (A. K. Ferreira et al. Anticancer Res. 32, 95–104; 2012). Drugs that seem promising in lab and animal studies have a notoriously high failure rate in human trials. Despite this, some chemists at the University of São Paulo’s campus in São Carlos have manufactured the compound for years and distributed it to people with cancer. A few of those patients have claimed remarkable recoveries, perpetuating the compound’s reputation as a miracle cure.
The Brazilian constitution guarantees universal access to health care, and it is common in Brazil for patients to turn to the courts to access drugs that the state healthcare system does not dispense because of their cost. But phosphoethanolamine presents a different situation because it is not really a ‘drug’ at all. It is not approved by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency.
Those who argue that people who are terminally ill have a right to try experimental medicines saw a decision in favor of a patient in October 2015 as a significant victory. But to the university administration, drug regulators and cancer researchers, it showed blatant disregard for the basic scientific principle that a drug should be demonstrated to be safe and effective before being given to patients outside of a clinical trial.
Source: Nature 527, 420–421 (adapted). http://www.nature.com/news/brazilian-courts-tussleover-unproven-cancer- treatment-1.18864. 
According to the text 1, turning to the courts in Brazil to access drugs that the state healthcare system does not dispense is:

A) guaranteed by the ones who claimed remarkable recoveries.

B) not approved by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency.

C) common in Brazil, although Brazilian laws apply only to cancer patients.

D) a significant victory to patients with common illnesses, but cancer.

E) a right guaranteed by the Brazilian constitution.

A B C D E

cód. #7624

PUC - RJ - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Inglês - 1º Dia - Manhã - Grupo 2

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

In the fragment “Along these lines, various studies have identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives across the world” (lines 39-41), the expression “Along these lines” can be replaced, without a change in meaning, by

A) Similarly

B) Definitely

C) Meanwhile

D) Nevertheless

E) For that reason

A B C D E

cód. #7880

FAG - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina

Text 1


Brazilian courts tussle over unproven cancer treatment


Patients demand access to compound despite lack of clinical testing. A court in the Brazilian state of São Paulo has cut off distribution of a compound that is hailed by some as a miracle cancer cure — even though it has never been formally tested in humans. On 11 November, to the relief of many cancer researchers, a state court overturned earlier court orders that had obliged the nation’s largest university to provide the compound to hundreds of people with terminal cancer.
The compound, phosphoethanolamine, has been shown to kill tumor cells only in lab dishes and in mice (A. K. Ferreira et al. Anticancer Res. 32, 95–104; 2012). Drugs that seem promising in lab and animal studies have a notoriously high failure rate in human trials. Despite this, some chemists at the University of São Paulo’s campus in São Carlos have manufactured the compound for years and distributed it to people with cancer. A few of those patients have claimed remarkable recoveries, perpetuating the compound’s reputation as a miracle cure.
The Brazilian constitution guarantees universal access to health care, and it is common in Brazil for patients to turn to the courts to access drugs that the state healthcare system does not dispense because of their cost. But phosphoethanolamine presents a different situation because it is not really a ‘drug’ at all. It is not approved by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency.
Those who argue that people who are terminally ill have a right to try experimental medicines saw a decision in favor of a patient in October 2015 as a significant victory. But to the university administration, drug regulators and cancer researchers, it showed blatant disregard for the basic scientific principle that a drug should be demonstrated to be safe and effective before being given to patients outside of a clinical trial.
Source: Nature 527, 420–421 (adapted). http://www.nature.com/news/brazilian-courts-tussleover-unproven-cancer- treatment-1.18864. 
According to the text 1 , drug regulators and cancer researchers in Brazil are:

A) for the proposal of providing the compound to people with terminal cancer immediately.

B) demonstrating phosphoethanolamine is safe and effective and giving it to patients who go to court.

C) concerned and turning to the courts to access drugs that the state health-care system does not dispense.

D) disgruntled, once phosphoethanolamine is being given to patients outside of a clinical trial.

E) granting orders for the largest university in Brazil to provide phosphoethanolamine to cancer patients.

A B C D E

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