Questões de Inglês para Vestibular

cód. #10700

UNEMAT - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AMERICAN AND BRITISH

VERSIONS OF HARRY POTTER SERIES


Philosopher’s vs. Sorcerer


      When Scholastic was publishing Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in America, they decided to rename the book Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. They claimed that the American and British uses of the word philosopher were a bit different, so therefore sorcerer was a more appropriate word. Any true Harry Potter fan, American or British, Australian or Hungarian, I’m sure will agree with MuggleMix when we say that decision should not have been made the reasons are:

1) J.K. Rowling said so therefore it must be true. She says that if she was in a better position, she would have disagreed at the time.

2) It belittles Americans, making it seem as if they do not understand what the word “philosopher” means. Americans are smarter than that.

3) Sorcerer is unspecific. The stone could have belonged to anybody with magical powers in the book. But the British name defines who the stone belongs to and gives the name an entirely different meaning. Sorcerer is a very different word to philosopher.

4) The stone is referred to as the “Philosopher’s Stone” throughout J.K. Rowling’s original version, never the “Sorcerer’s Stone”, so why should the most central object of the book be labeled something completely different in the book title, even if its just being published in a different place?

5) How is the word “philosopher” in Britain different from the word “sorcerer” in America?

6) Philosopher’s Stone is actually a historical object that people used to search for, while the Sorcerer’s Stone has no factual background in real life.

Ah well…

Other terminology

There are some other minor changes that occurred in case Americans got confused. Some ones, such as turning “mum” into “mom” and “trainers” into “sneakers”, J.K. Rowling refused to let happen. However, she allowed some changes to be made that, if they were not made, would befuddle the readers:

UK: Skip – US: Dumpster

UK: Minister for Magic – US: Minister of Magic

[…]

UK: Car park – US: Parking lot

[…]

Disponível em http://w w w .fanpop.com/clubs/harry-potter/articles/4309/title/difference-between-american-british-versions-harry-potter-series. Acesso em nov. 2015.

Observe os conectivos therefore, so, even if, such as, however, e assinale a alternativa correta sobre a função que eles assumem, respectivamente, no texto.

A) Conclusão, concordância, contraste, exemplificação, contraste.

B) Contraste, conclusão, conexão lógica, exemplificação, conclusão.

C)

Conclusão, conclusão, contraste, exemplificação, contraste.



D) Conexão lógica, concordância, conexão lógica, exemplificação, contraste.

E)

Exemplificação, conclusão, conclusão, conexão lógica, contraste.



A B C D E

cód. #7117

COPESE - UFT - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática

BRAZIL: JUDGE SHUTS BORDER TO VENEZUELAN
MIGRANTS FLEEING HUNGER AND HARDSHIP
    Judge says entry of immigrants suspended until conditions for ‘humanitarian reception’ are created – activists called it ‘absurd’
      A judge in Brazil has blocked Venezuelans from entering the border state of Roraima as local authorities harden their stance against the flood of migrants fleeing hunger and hardship in their home country.
    Judge Helder Barreto said he had suspended the entry of Venezuelan immigrants until the conditions for a “humanitarian reception” are created but activists working with migrants attacked it as “absurd”.
   Sister Telma Lage from the non-profit Migration and Human Rights Institute, which helps vulnerable migrants in Roraima’s capital Boa Vista, said the judge had overstepped his authority.            “[Venezuelans] are entering Brazil and seeking refuge because of the vulnerable situation they find themselves in,” she said. “What we fear is the lack of options for those near to the border.”
    Since 2015, more than 56,000 Venezuelans have sought refuge or residency in Brazil amid continuing political turmoil and economic collapse in their home country. […]
    But the flood of migrants has severely stretched health and education services in the poor state of Roraima.
Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/06/brazil-shuts-border-venezuelanmigrants)
According to the text it is CORRECT to affirm:

A) Local authorities of Roraima encouraged the entry of Venezuelans in the state.

B) Venezuelans refused being refugees in the wealthy state of Roraima.

C) Activists agreed on putting a block on the entrance of Venezuelans in Brazil.

D) Judge Helder Barreto banned Venezuelans from entering Brazil through Roraima border.

A B C D E

cód. #7629

PUC - RJ - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Inglês - 1º Dia - Manhã - Grupo 2

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction-

-addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.

Adapted.

The main purpose of the article is to

A) report on the role of protagonists and antagonists in more than 200 novels.

B) justify why people should read about the major themes of the English 19th century novels.

C) discuss the relevance of stories to the social and emotional development of human beings.

D) reveal that cooperation has been a central theme in popular narratives since the Industrial Revolution.

E) examine the importance of evil figures in fantasy and horror stories to enhance our sense of philanthropy.

A B C D E

cód. #8653

EBMSP - Inglês - 2018 - Prosef - 2019.1 - Medicina - 1ª Fase

Questão


    A new study published in Current Biology is investigating why you get poor sleep in unfamiliar places. It suggests that when people sleep in an unfamiliar place, one hemisphere of the brain stays more awake as a way to keep watch for potential danger possibly a remnant of the days when Homo sapiens had to guard their territory every night.
    This phenomenon is known as unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, and it’s seen in marine animals and some birds. This is the first study to suggest that the human brain may also be hard-wired to function in a similar way, although on a smaller scale. Humans, unlike sparrows, don’t usually sleep with one eye open. However, when in new surroundings, one hemisphere of the brain may stay at least a little bit awake – great for waking quickly if an intruder shows up, but with a resulting groggy feeling the next morning.
    The group of researchers recruited sleep study participants, and conducted neuroimaging along with polysomnography, a standard test used in sleep labs to monitor brain waves, oxygen level in blood, heart rate, breathing, and eye and leg movements. They discovered that only the brain’s right hemisphere was consistently engaged in slow-wave, or deep, sleep. The left hemisphere – the side responsible for logical thinking and reasoning – had what the researchers called “enhanced vigilance”, which also made the entire brain more responsive to sound.
    The researchers tried a test where they targeted sounds to the left and right ear. They found that on the first night, 80 percent of the arousals from deep sleep occurred when sound was made to target the right ear (the brain’s left hemisphere). On day two, that number dropped to about 50 percent.
FIRGER, Jessica. Disponível em: <http://www.newsweek.com/authors/ jessica-figer>. Acesso em: set. 2018. Adaptado.
The scientists found out that

A) the right hemisphere of the brain showed a greater response than the left to the sounds.

B) on the first night, the two hemispheres of the brain displayed different patterns of activity.

C) the difference in vigilance between the brain’s hemispheres remained the same on the second night.

D) the participants couldn’t sleep at all on the first night because of the noise.

E) most of the participants couldn’t get back to sleep on the second night.

A B C D E

cód. #7118

COPESE - UFT - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática


The cartoon infers the idea that:

A) Technology does not influence the future of teaching.

B) Embracing new technologies is the only way to success.

C) Technology impacts the learning capability of students.

D) Students lack the understanding of how new technology works.

A B C D E

cód. #8654

EBMSP - Inglês - 2018 - Prosef - 2019.1 - Medicina - 1ª Fase

Questão


    A new study published in Current Biology is investigating why you get poor sleep in unfamiliar places. It suggests that when people sleep in an unfamiliar place, one hemisphere of the brain stays more awake as a way to keep watch for potential danger possibly a remnant of the days when Homo sapiens had to guard their territory every night.
    This phenomenon is known as unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, and it’s seen in marine animals and some birds. This is the first study to suggest that the human brain may also be hard-wired to function in a similar way, although on a smaller scale. Humans, unlike sparrows, don’t usually sleep with one eye open. However, when in new surroundings, one hemisphere of the brain may stay at least a little bit awake – great for waking quickly if an intruder shows up, but with a resulting groggy feeling the next morning.
    The group of researchers recruited sleep study participants, and conducted neuroimaging along with polysomnography, a standard test used in sleep labs to monitor brain waves, oxygen level in blood, heart rate, breathing, and eye and leg movements. They discovered that only the brain’s right hemisphere was consistently engaged in slow-wave, or deep, sleep. The left hemisphere – the side responsible for logical thinking and reasoning – had what the researchers called “enhanced vigilance”, which also made the entire brain more responsive to sound.
    The researchers tried a test where they targeted sounds to the left and right ear. They found that on the first night, 80 percent of the arousals from deep sleep occurred when sound was made to target the right ear (the brain’s left hemisphere). On day two, that number dropped to about 50 percent.
FIRGER, Jessica. Disponível em: <http://www.newsweek.com/authors/ jessica-figer>. Acesso em: set. 2018. Adaptado.
In order to monitor the participants’ brains, the researchers

A) watched them sleep at home and in the lab.

B) used a special and unusual lab test.

C) used outdated brain monitoring equipment.

D) played beeps by each ear of the sleeper.

E) recruited people who had trouble falling asleep.

A B C D E

cód. #7119

COPESE - UFT - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática

Pluto should be reclassified as a planet, experts say

      The reason Pluto lost its planet status is not valid, according to new research from the University of Central Florida in Orlando. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a global group of astronomy experts, established a definition of a planet that required it to "clear" its orbit, or in other words, be the largest gravitational force in its orbit. […]
     Metzger, who is lead author on the study, reviewed scientific literature from the past 200 years and found only one publication -- from 1802 -- that used the clearing-orbit requirement to classify planets, and it was based on since-disproven reasoning.
     "It's a sloppy definition," Metzger said of the IAU's definition. "They didn't say what they meant by clearing their orbit. If you take that literally, then there are no planets, because no planet clears its orbit." […]
     Metzger said that the definition of a planet should be based on its intrinsic properties, rather than ones that can change, such as the dynamics of a planet's orbit. "Dynamics are not constant, they are constantly changing," Metzger said. "So, they are not the fundamental description of a body, they are just the occupation of a body at a current era."
    Instead, Metzger recommends classifying a planet based on if it is large enough that its gravity allows it to become spherical in shape. "And that's not just an arbitrary definition, Metzger said. "It turns out this is an important milestone in the evolution of a planetary body, because apparently when it happens, it initiates active geology in the body." 

Source: University of Central Florida. "Pluto should be reclassified as a planet, experts say."
ScienceDaily, 7 September 2018. Available at:<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180907110422.htm>.
In the title of the text, the modal verb SHOULD conveys the idea of:

A) obligation.

B) recommendation.

C) promise.

D) ability.

A B C D E

cód. #8655

EBMSP - Inglês - 2018 - Prosef - 2019.1 - Medicina - 1ª Fase

Questão


    A new study published in Current Biology is investigating why you get poor sleep in unfamiliar places. It suggests that when people sleep in an unfamiliar place, one hemisphere of the brain stays more awake as a way to keep watch for potential danger possibly a remnant of the days when Homo sapiens had to guard their territory every night.
    This phenomenon is known as unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, and it’s seen in marine animals and some birds. This is the first study to suggest that the human brain may also be hard-wired to function in a similar way, although on a smaller scale. Humans, unlike sparrows, don’t usually sleep with one eye open. However, when in new surroundings, one hemisphere of the brain may stay at least a little bit awake – great for waking quickly if an intruder shows up, but with a resulting groggy feeling the next morning.
    The group of researchers recruited sleep study participants, and conducted neuroimaging along with polysomnography, a standard test used in sleep labs to monitor brain waves, oxygen level in blood, heart rate, breathing, and eye and leg movements. They discovered that only the brain’s right hemisphere was consistently engaged in slow-wave, or deep, sleep. The left hemisphere – the side responsible for logical thinking and reasoning – had what the researchers called “enhanced vigilance”, which also made the entire brain more responsive to sound.
    The researchers tried a test where they targeted sounds to the left and right ear. They found that on the first night, 80 percent of the arousals from deep sleep occurred when sound was made to target the right ear (the brain’s left hemisphere). On day two, that number dropped to about 50 percent.
FIRGER, Jessica. Disponível em: <http://www.newsweek.com/authors/ jessica-figer>. Acesso em: set. 2018. Adaptado.
According to the text, fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

The study mentioned in the text says that, when we sleep in a new location,

( ) half of our brain may remain alert.
( ) we behave exactly like sparrows.
( ) the left hemisphere of our brain is less asleep than the right.
( ) our brain’s vigilance is a way to protect us from unknown dangers.

The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

A) T F F T

B) T F T F

C) T F T T

D) F T F T

E) F T T F

A B C D E

cód. #7120

COPESE - UFT - Inglês - 2018 - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática

Pluto should be reclassified as a planet, experts say

      The reason Pluto lost its planet status is not valid, according to new research from the University of Central Florida in Orlando. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a global group of astronomy experts, established a definition of a planet that required it to "clear" its orbit, or in other words, be the largest gravitational force in its orbit. […]
     Metzger, who is lead author on the study, reviewed scientific literature from the past 200 years and found only one publication -- from 1802 -- that used the clearing-orbit requirement to classify planets, and it was based on since-disproven reasoning.
     "It's a sloppy definition," Metzger said of the IAU's definition. "They didn't say what they meant by clearing their orbit. If you take that literally, then there are no planets, because no planet clears its orbit." […]
     Metzger said that the definition of a planet should be based on its intrinsic properties, rather than ones that can change, such as the dynamics of a planet's orbit. "Dynamics are not constant, they are constantly changing," Metzger said. "So, they are not the fundamental description of a body, they are just the occupation of a body at a current era."
    Instead, Metzger recommends classifying a planet based on if it is large enough that its gravity allows it to become spherical in shape. "And that's not just an arbitrary definition, Metzger said. "It turns out this is an important milestone in the evolution of a planetary body, because apparently when it happens, it initiates active geology in the body." 

Source: University of Central Florida. "Pluto should be reclassified as a planet, experts say."
ScienceDaily, 7 September 2018. Available at:<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180907110422.htm>.
According to Metzger, the IAU's definition of a planet was careless because:

A) it used the clearing-orbit requisite to classify planets.

B) it refused the idea that a planet must clear its orbit.

C) it should not be based on a planet's essential features.

D) it became a milestone in the evolution of a planetary body.

A B C D E

cód. #8656

EBMSP - Inglês - 2018 - Prosef - 2019.1 - Medicina - 1ª Fase

Disponível em: <https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/26963-if-you-can-t-flythen-run-if-you-can-t-run>. Acesso em: set. 2018.

According to this quote by Martin Luther King Jr.

A) challenges can be ignored.

B) people should never give up.

C) it’s not worth taking chances.

D) ambitions must be disregarded.

E) people shouldn’t fight their limitations.

A B C D E

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